Symptoms of IBD
Symptoms vary but often follow a relapsing pattern.
Common symptoms include:
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Chronic diarrhoea
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Abdominal pain
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Rectal bleeding
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Fatigue
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Weight loss
In addition, some people develop anaemia, joint pain, or skin problems. Because symptoms overlap with IBS, specialist assessment is essential.
What causes IBD?
The exact cause remains unclear. However, IBD develops due to an abnormal immune response targeting the gut.
Contributing factors include:
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Genetic susceptibility
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Environmental triggers
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Altered gut bacteria
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Immune system dysregulation
Importantly, IBD is not caused by stress, although stress may worsen symptoms.
How is IBD diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a combination of tests, including:
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Blood tests
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Stool markers of inflammation
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Colonoscopy
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Imaging such as MRI or CT
Early diagnosis helps prevent complications such as strictures, fistulas, and malnutrition.
How is IBD treated?
There is no cure, but treatment controls inflammation and maintains remission.
Treatment options include:
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Anti inflammatory medications
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Immunosuppressants
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Biologic therapies
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Surgery, when necessary
Dietary advice and regular monitoring play a vital role in long term management.