Acid reflux in athletes

Acid reflux in athletes

Gastroenterology

Acid reflux in athletes

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can occur in athletes just like it can occur in anyone else. In fact, physical activity and certain types of exercise, such as running and high-impact sports, can sometimes trigger symptoms of acid reflux.

The reason for this is that exercise can increase pressure in the abdominal cavity and cause the contents of the stomach to be pushed up into the esophagus, causing acid reflux. Additionally, some athletes may eat a high-fat diet, consume large amounts of food or liquids before exercising, or drink alcohol, all of which can also contribute to acid reflux symptoms.

To help manage acid reflux symptoms in athletes, it is important to make lifestyle changes, such as avoiding food and drink that can trigger symptoms, eating smaller, more frequent meals, and avoiding meals close to bedtime. Additionally, it is important to wear loose-fitting clothing during exercise and to avoid high-impact activities if they trigger symptoms.

If lifestyle changes are not enough to manage acid reflux symptoms in athletes, it may be necessary to use medications such as antacids, H2 receptor blockers, or proton pump inhibitors to help reduce symptoms.

It is important for athletes with acid reflux to work with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for their specific needs. With proper management, athletes with acid reflux can continue to participate in physical activity and sports while controlling their symptoms.

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SIBO

SIBO

FAQ

SIBO

Q: What is SIBO?

A: SIBO stands for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine.

Q: What are the symptoms of SIBO?

 A: Symptoms of SIBO may include bloating, abdominal pain or discomfort, diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, and malabsorption of nutrients.

Q: What are the treatment options for SIBO?

A: Treatment for SIBO typically involves a combination of antibiotics and dietary modifications, such as following a low FODMAP diet, to reduce the number of bacteria in the small intestine.

Q: What is the SIBO diet?

 A: The SIBO diet is a dietary protocol that aims to reduce the intake of fermentable carbohydrates, such as lactose, fructose, and certain types of fibre, to help alleviate symptoms of SIBO.

Q: How is SIBO diagnosed?

A: SIBO can be diagnosed through a breath test, which measures the amount of hydrogen and methane gas produced by bacteria in the small intestine after consuming a specific sugar solution.

Q: What are the causes of SIBO?

 A: SIBO can be caused by various factors, including a weakened immune system, decreased motility of the digestive tract, and certain medical conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.

Q: Can SIBO be treated naturally?

A: Some natural treatments for SIBO may include herbal supplements such as oregano oil or berberine, probiotics, and digestive enzymes. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional before starting new treatments.

Q: Can probiotics help with SIBO?

 A: While probiotics may benefit digestive health, their use in SIBO treatment is still controversial. Some probiotics may worsen SIBO symptoms, while others may help reduce the growth of bacteria in the small intestine.

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

FAQ

Gastroenterology

Q: What is a gastroenterologist?

 A: A gastroenterologist is a medical specialist who is trained in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions that affect the digestive system, which includes the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Q: What is the digestive system?

A: The digestive system is a series of organs that work together to break down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use. It includes the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus.

Q: What is endoscopy?

A: Endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end to examine the inside of the digestive system. It can diagnose and treat various conditions, including ulcers, polyps, and cancers.

Q: What is a colonoscopy?

A: A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera and light on the end to examine the inside of the colon. It can be used to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions, including polyps and inflammatory bowel disease.

Q: What causes abdominal pain?

A: Abdominal pain can be caused by various factors, including infections, inflammation, injury, and structural abnormalities. It can also be a symptom of underlying medical conditions, such as appendicitis, gallstones, and peptic ulcer disease.

Q: What is reflux?

A: Reflux is when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. A common condition can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications.

Q: What is an ulcer?

A: An ulcer is a sore or lesion that forms in the lining of the digestive system, typically in the stomach or duodenum. It can be caused by various factors, including infections, medications, and stress.

Q: What is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

 A: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic conditions that cause inflammation in the digestive system, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss.

Q: What is liver disease?

 A: Liver disease refers to any condition that affects the function or structure of the liver. It can be caused by various factors, including viruses, alcohol use, and certain medications. Symptoms can include fatigue, jaundice, and abdominal pain.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound

FAQ

Ultrasound

Q: What is an abdominal ultrasound?

A: An abdominal ultrasound is a medical imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the organs and structures in the abdomen. It can be used to diagnose various conditions, such as liver disease, gallbladder problems, and kidney stones.

Q: What is an ultrasound scan?

A: An ultrasound scan is a medical imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the internal organs and structures in the body. It is a non-invasive and painless test that can be used to diagnose a variety of conditions, such as pregnancy, heart disease, and cancer.

Q: What is the liver?

A: The liver is a large organ located in the upper right side of the abdomen. It plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including detoxification, metabolism, and the production of bile.

Q: What is the gallbladder?

 A: The gallbladder is a small organ located under the liver. Its main function is to store and release bile, a fluid that helps with the digestion of fat.

Q: What are the kidneys?

A: The kidneys are a pair of organs located on either side of the spine, near the lower back. They are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

Q: What is the pancreas?

A: The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach. It plays an important role in digestion and regulating blood sugar levels.

Q: What causes abdominal pain?

A: Abdominal pain can be caused by various factors, including infections, inflammation, injury, and structural abnormalities. It can also be a symptom of underlying medical conditions, such as appendicitis, gallstones, and peptic ulcer disease.

Q: What is the bladder?

A: The bladder is a muscular sac located in the pelvis. Its main function is to store urine until it is ready to be eliminated from the body.

Q: What is the abdominal aorta?

A: The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdomen. It supplies blood to the organs and structures in the abdominal cavity.

Q: What are cysts?

A: Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the body. They can be caused by a variety of factors, such as infections, inflammation, and blockages. In the abdomen, cysts can form in the liver, kidneys, and other organs.

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Neurogastroenterology

Neurogastroenterology

FAQ

Neurogastroenterology

Q: What is neurogastroenterology?

A: Neurogastroenterology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the nervous system and its interactions with the digestive system. It involves diagnosing and treating disorders that affect the function and motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

Q: What is gastroparesis?

A: Gastroparesis is a disorder in which the stomach takes too long to empty its contents into the small intestine. It can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Q: What is digestive health?

A: Digestive health refers to the overall health and well-being of the digestive system, which includes the oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Good digestive health is important for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the elimination of waste.

Q: What is gut health?

A: Gut health refers to the overall health and well-being of the gut microbiome, which includes the trillions of bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the digestive tract. Good gut health is important for a healthy immune system, proper digestion, and the prevention of diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

Q: What is irritable bowel syndrome?

 A: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine. Symptoms of IBS can include abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of factors, including diet, stress, and abnormalities in the gut-brain axis.

Q: What is the FODMAP diet?

A: The FODMAP diet is a dietary approach that is used to manage symptoms of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as IBS. FODMAPs are short-chain carbohydrates that are poorly absorbed in the gut, and can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, and abdominal pain in people with sensitive digestive systems. The FODMAP diet involves avoiding high-FODMAP foods and gradually reintroducing them to identify which ones trigger symptoms.

Q: What are functional gastrointestinal disorders?

A: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are a group of digestive disorders that are characterized by symptoms related to the function of the gut, rather than structural abnormalities. Examples of functional gastrointestinal disorders include IBS, functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation.

Q: What causes abdominal pain?

A: Abdominal pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, inflammation, injury, and structural abnormalities. In some cases, it can also be a symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as IBS and functional dyspepsia.

Q: What is bloating?

A: Bloating is a common symptom of functional gastrointestinal disorders like IBS. It is characterized by a feeling of fullness or tightness in the abdomen, often accompanied by visible swelling or distension.

Q: What is constipation?

A: Constipation is a common digestive disorder that is characterized by infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stool. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, dehydration, and certain medications.

Q: What is functional dyspepsia?

A: Functional dyspepsia is a disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and early satiety. It is thought to be caused by abnormalities in gut motility and sensitivity.

Q: What is colonic inertia?

A: Colonic inertia is a disorder in which the colon fails to contract and move stool through the digestive system. It can lead to symptoms such as constipation and abdominal pain. This is also known as slow transit constipation. 

Q: What is dysphagia?

A: Dysphagia is a medical term that refers to difficulty swallowing. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including neurological disorders, muscular disorders, and structural abnormalities.

Q: What is achalasia?

A: Achalasia is a disorder of the oesophagus in which the muscles fail to relax and allow food to pass into the stomach. It can lead to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and chest pain.

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Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease

FAQ

Coeliac disease

Q: What is coeliac disease?

A: Coeliac disease is a condition where the body’s immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This reaction damages the small intestine’s lining, leading to a range of symptoms and potential long-term health complications.

Q: What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

A: The symptoms of coeliac disease can vary from person to person but may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, fatigue, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Some people with coeliac disease may not experience any noticeable symptoms.

Q: How is coeliac disease diagnosed?

 A: Coeliac disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and a small intestine biopsy. The blood tests look for antibodies that are produced in response to gluten, while the biopsy can reveal damage to the lining of the small intestine.

Q: Is there a cure for coeliac disease?

A: There is currently no cure for coeliac disease, but a gluten-free diet can effectively manage the condition. This involves avoiding foods that contain gluten and seeking out gluten-free alternatives.

Q: What foods should I avoid if I have coeliac disease?

 A: If you have coeliac disease, avoid foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. This includes bread, pasta, cereal, beer, and many processed foods. You may also need to be cautious of cross-contamination if you eat out or prepare food at home.

Q: Can coeliac disease affect fertility?

A: Some evidence suggests that coeliac disease may be associated with infertility or problems with pregnancy. This may be due to nutrient deficiencies or other factors related to the condition. However, many people with coeliac disease are able to conceive and have healthy pregnancies with proper management.

Q: Are there any health risks associated with untreated coeliac disease?

 A: Yes, untreated coeliac disease can lead to a range of long-term health complications, including nutrient deficiencies, osteoporosis, anaemia, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. It is essential to seek proper diagnosis and treatment if you suspect you may have coeliac disease.

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Colon cancer

Colon cancer

FAQ

Colon cancer

Q: What is colon cancer?

 A: Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. It typically starts as a small growth called a polyp and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Q: What are the symptoms of colon cancer?

A: Symptoms of colon cancer can include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. However, many colon cancer patients may not experience symptoms in the early stages.

Q: How is colon cancer treated?

 A: Treatment for colon cancer may depend on factors such as the stage and location of the cancer and the individual’s overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Q: How can colon cancer be prevented?

A: Some ways to reduce the risk of colon cancer may include maintaining a healthy diet and weight, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and undergoing recommended screening tests.

Q: What are the stages of colon cancer?

A: Colon cancer is typically classified into four main stages based on how far the cancer has spread. Stage 1 colon cancer is confined to the inner layers of the colon, while Stage 4 colon cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Treatment and prognosis may depend on the stage of the cancer.

Q: What is the survival rate for colon cancer?

 A: The survival rate for colon cancer may depend on factors such as the stage and location of cancer and the individual’s overall health. According to the American Cancer Society, the overall 5-year survival rate for people with colon cancer is around 65%. However, survival rates can vary widely depending on individual circumstances.

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Rectal bleeding

Rectal bleeding

FAQ

Rectal bleeding

Q: What is rectal bleeding?

 A: Rectal bleeding refers to the passage of blood through the anus or in the stool. It can be a sign of various underlying conditions, ranging from minor issues such as haemorrhoids and anal fissures to more serious conditions such as colon cancer.

Q: What is blood in stool?

A: Blood in stool refers to red or black blood in the stool. It can be an indication of rectal bleeding, which can be caused by a variety of conditions.

Q: What are the causes of rectal bleeding?

A: The causes of rectal bleeding can include haemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, polyps, colorectal cancer, and infections, among others.

Q: What are haemorrhoids?

 A: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can cause discomfort, bleeding, and itching.

Q: What are anal fissures?

 A: Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort during bowel movements.

Q: Is rectal bleeding always a sign of colon cancer?

 A: No, rectal bleeding is not always a sign of colon cancer. Many other conditions can cause rectal bleeding, including haemorrhoids, anal fissures, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Q: What are some treatments for rectal bleeding?

A: Treatment for rectal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. It may include lifestyle changes, such as increased fibre intake, topical creams, medications, or surgery.

Q: What are the symptoms of rectal bleeding?

A: Symptoms of rectal bleeding can include bright red blood in the stool, dark or black stool, abdominal pain, cramping, and changes in bowel movements.

Q: Is rectal bleeding a serious condition?

 A: Rectal bleeding can be a sign of a serious condition, such as colon cancer, and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. However, it can also be caused by less serious conditions such as haemorrhoids or anal fissures.

Q: How can I stop rectal bleeding?

A: The best way to stop rectal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. For minor cases caused by haemorrhoids or anal fissures, treatments such as sitz baths, over-the-counter creams, and increased fibre intake may help. However, it is important to seek medical attention if rectal bleeding persists or worsens.

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The autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system

FAQ

The autonomic nervous system

Q: What is the autonomic nervous system?

A: The autonomic nervous system is a branch of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It regulates many of the body’s internal organs and maintains homeostasis.

Q: What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in anxiety and digestive problems?

A: When we experience anxiety, our autonomic nervous system is activated, triggering the fight or flight response. This response can also cause digestive problems, such as stomach pain, diarrhoea, and nausea. The autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in regulating our digestion, and disruptions to this system can lead to functional gastrointestinal disorders and chronic pain.

Q: What are some common autonomic nervous system disorders?

A: Autonomic neuropathy, dysautonomia, and multiple system atrophy are some of the most common autonomic nervous system disorders. These conditions can impact many of the body’s internal organs and functions, leading to various health issues.

Q: What is the gut-brain axis?

A: The gut-brain axis is a complex communication network that connects the central nervous system to the enteric nervous system, which controls the digestive system. This communication network regulates our mood, emotions, and physical well-being.

Q: How does the autonomic nervous system impact pain?

A: The autonomic nervous system plays a role in our perception and response to pain. When we experience pain, our autonomic nervous system releases stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, which can exacerbate our pain and trigger anxiety. Chronic pain can also be caused by disruptions to the autonomic nervous system.

Q: What are some common treatments for autonomic nervous system disorders?

A: Treatment for autonomic nervous system disorders depends on the underlying cause and symptoms. Medications, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy may be used to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. In some cases, surgery or other invasive procedures may be necessary.

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weight loss medications

weight loss medications

FAQ

weight loss medications

Q: What are weight loss medications?

A: Weight loss medications are drugs that are used to help individuals lose weight by either reducing appetite, increasing metabolism, or blocking the absorption of fat.

Q: What are some common weight loss medications?

A: Common weight loss medications include prescription drugs like orlistat, phentermine, and liraglutide (Victoza). Wegovy (semaglutide) is a newer medication approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight. Ozempic is not explicitly approved for weight loss, although it is similar to Wegovy. 

Q: How do weight loss medications work?

 A: Weight loss medications work in different ways depending on the drug. Some drugs work by reducing appetite, while others increase metabolism or block the absorption of fat. Some medications, like Ozempic and Wegovy, mimic a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to help regulate blood sugar and suppress appetite.

Q: Who is a good candidate for weight loss medications?

 A: Individuals who are overweight or have obesity and have not been able to lose weight through diet and exercise alone may be candidates for weight loss medications. However, not everyone is a good candidate for these medications, and a healthcare provider can help determine if they are appropriate.

Q: What are the potential side effects of weight loss medications?

 A: The potential side effects of weight loss medications vary depending on the drug. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhoea, and headache. More serious side effects, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, may occur with some medications. Individuals should talk to their healthcare provider about weight loss medications’ potential risks and benefits.

Q: What is Ozempic?

 A: Ozempic (semaglutide) is an injectable medication to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It hasn’t been explicitly approved for use in chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight.

Q: What is Wegovy?

A: Wegovy (semaglutide) is a new medication approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight. It is similar to Ozempic but is specifically indicated for weight loss and is available in a higher dose. It contains the same substance as Ozempic and is made by the same company; however, it may slightly differ in the doses available. 

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