Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease

FAQ

Coeliac disease

Q: What is coeliac disease?

A: Coeliac disease is a condition where the body’s immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This reaction damages the small intestine’s lining, leading to a range of symptoms and potential long-term health complications.

Q: What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

A: The symptoms of coeliac disease can vary from person to person but may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, fatigue, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Some people with coeliac disease may not experience any noticeable symptoms.

Q: How is coeliac disease diagnosed?

 A: Coeliac disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and a small intestine biopsy. The blood tests look for antibodies that are produced in response to gluten, while the biopsy can reveal damage to the lining of the small intestine.

Q: Is there a cure for coeliac disease?

A: There is currently no cure for coeliac disease, but a gluten-free diet can effectively manage the condition. This involves avoiding foods that contain gluten and seeking out gluten-free alternatives.

Q: What foods should I avoid if I have coeliac disease?

 A: If you have coeliac disease, avoid foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. This includes bread, pasta, cereal, beer, and many processed foods. You may also need to be cautious of cross-contamination if you eat out or prepare food at home.

Q: Can coeliac disease affect fertility?

A: Some evidence suggests that coeliac disease may be associated with infertility or problems with pregnancy. This may be due to nutrient deficiencies or other factors related to the condition. However, many people with coeliac disease are able to conceive and have healthy pregnancies with proper management.

Q: Are there any health risks associated with untreated coeliac disease?

 A: Yes, untreated coeliac disease can lead to a range of long-term health complications, including nutrient deficiencies, osteoporosis, anaemia, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. It is essential to seek proper diagnosis and treatment if you suspect you may have coeliac disease.

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Colon cancer

Colon cancer

FAQ

Colon cancer

Q: What is colon cancer?

 A: Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum. It typically starts as a small growth called a polyp and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Q: What are the symptoms of colon cancer?

A: Symptoms of colon cancer can include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding or blood in the stool, abdominal pain or discomfort, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. However, many colon cancer patients may not experience symptoms in the early stages.

Q: How is colon cancer treated?

 A: Treatment for colon cancer may depend on factors such as the stage and location of the cancer and the individual’s overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Q: How can colon cancer be prevented?

A: Some ways to reduce the risk of colon cancer may include maintaining a healthy diet and weight, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and undergoing recommended screening tests.

Q: What are the stages of colon cancer?

A: Colon cancer is typically classified into four main stages based on how far the cancer has spread. Stage 1 colon cancer is confined to the inner layers of the colon, while Stage 4 colon cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Treatment and prognosis may depend on the stage of the cancer.

Q: What is the survival rate for colon cancer?

 A: The survival rate for colon cancer may depend on factors such as the stage and location of cancer and the individual’s overall health. According to the American Cancer Society, the overall 5-year survival rate for people with colon cancer is around 65%. However, survival rates can vary widely depending on individual circumstances.

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Rectal bleeding

Rectal bleeding

FAQ

Rectal bleeding

Q: What is rectal bleeding?

 A: Rectal bleeding refers to the passage of blood through the anus or in the stool. It can be a sign of various underlying conditions, ranging from minor issues such as haemorrhoids and anal fissures to more serious conditions such as colon cancer.

Q: What is blood in stool?

A: Blood in stool refers to red or black blood in the stool. It can be an indication of rectal bleeding, which can be caused by a variety of conditions.

Q: What are the causes of rectal bleeding?

A: The causes of rectal bleeding can include haemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, polyps, colorectal cancer, and infections, among others.

Q: What are haemorrhoids?

 A: Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can cause discomfort, bleeding, and itching.

Q: What are anal fissures?

 A: Anal fissures are small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort during bowel movements.

Q: Is rectal bleeding always a sign of colon cancer?

 A: No, rectal bleeding is not always a sign of colon cancer. Many other conditions can cause rectal bleeding, including haemorrhoids, anal fissures, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Q: What are some treatments for rectal bleeding?

A: Treatment for rectal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. It may include lifestyle changes, such as increased fibre intake, topical creams, medications, or surgery.

Q: What are the symptoms of rectal bleeding?

A: Symptoms of rectal bleeding can include bright red blood in the stool, dark or black stool, abdominal pain, cramping, and changes in bowel movements.

Q: Is rectal bleeding a serious condition?

 A: Rectal bleeding can be a sign of a serious condition, such as colon cancer, and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. However, it can also be caused by less serious conditions such as haemorrhoids or anal fissures.

Q: How can I stop rectal bleeding?

A: The best way to stop rectal bleeding will depend on the underlying cause. For minor cases caused by haemorrhoids or anal fissures, treatments such as sitz baths, over-the-counter creams, and increased fibre intake may help. However, it is important to seek medical attention if rectal bleeding persists or worsens.

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